1a- Preschool and kindergarten ages 4 and 5
1b- Vocal Characteristics

• voices are small and light
• children are generally unable to sing in tune
• Singing in range of D-A for most; D-D for most
• children can sing play chants and easy tonal patterns
• children can sing short melodies in major, minor, or pentatonic scales
• children can sing melodies with one note to a syllable
• children can sing with awareness of a steady beat
• children can sing repeated rhythmic patterns accurately
• children can sing softly and loudly
• children can sing melodies with or without a simple accompanient

1c- Children of this age like songs that tell a story.

2a-Early Primary: 1st and 2nd grades ages 6 and 7

2b- vocal characteristics and abilities

• most voices are light and high; few maybe be low
• many children are still unable to sing in tune at age 6
• by age 7 most children will be able to sing short phrases in tune and begin to sing alone
• children can understand high and low pitches
• children can sustain a single pitch
• range expands from five to six consecutive pitches (D-B) to a full octave
• Children can sing from simple music notation
• children began to understand the importance of breath in singing

2c- Children at this level appreciates songs about tangible objects and animals.

3a- Intermediate: 3rd and 4th grade 8 and 9 years old

3b- Vocal characteristics and abilities

• children can sing in tune
• boy's voice adjust accordingly
• some children are able to sing melodies or parts of musical notation
• children can sing rounds, partner dongs, canons, and descants- there is little use of alto or lower parts.
• children can harmonize parts or chords by ear, such as 3rds and 6ths

3c- At this age children appreciate music about broader subjects such as American culture, transportation, geography, the circus, planets.

4a- Upper Elementary- 5th and 6th grades- ages 10 and 11

4b- vocal characteristics and abilities

• unchanged voices remain clear and light; boys' voices become more resonant
• some children show greater ability to sing in two and three
• some children have a heightened rhythmic sense and respond to music with strong rhythms
• some children can read simple music notation.

4c- Children like songs related to adventure, work, and history

2. Improving Posture- this is important to develop because the body is it's own instrument itself. Therefore, the head must be held high upper body must be positioned right.

Teaching Good Breathing Habits- this technique is important in order that children learn how to develop the ability to breath appropriately for particular musics tones and pitches.

Finding the Head Voice- this technique helps children learn how to utilize the proper tones and pitches to sing. It is done by using a follow the leader technique, I sing you sing.